Japanese grammar index

Sentence pattern

Basic sentence pattern

English	Japanese (Hiragana)	Romaji (with space)	Detail
A is B.	A は B です。	A wa B de su
A VERB B.	A は B を VERB 。	A wa B wo VERB

Sentence pattern with noun

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Opinion	like NOUN	NOUN が　すきです	が　好きです	ga / su ki de su	ga sukidesu
Opinion	love NOUN	NOUN が　だいすきです	が　大好きです	ga / da i su ki de su	ga daisukidesu
Opinion	dislike NOUN	NOUN が　きらいです	が　嫌いです	ga / ki ra i de su	ga kiraidesu
Opinion	hate NOUN	NOUN が　だいきらいです	が　大嫌いです	ga / da i ki ra i de su	ga daikiraidesu
Ability	be good at NOUN	NOUN が　じょうずです	が　上手です	ga / jo u zu de su	ga jouzudesu
Ability	be good at NOUN	NOUN が　とくいです	が　得意です	ga / to ku i de su	ga tokuidesu
Ability	be bad at NOUN	NOUN が　へたです	が　下手です	ga / he ta de su	ga hetadesu
Ability	be bad at NOUN	NOUN が　にがてです	が　苦手です	ga / ni ga te de su	ga nigatedesu
Desire	want NOUN	NOUN が　ほしいです		ga / ho shi i de su	ga hoshiidesu
Desire	need NOUN	NOUN が　いります	が　要ります	ga / i ri ma su	ga irimasu
Ability	understand NOUN	NOUN が　わかります	が　分かります	ga / wa ka ri ma su	ga wakarimasu
Location	There is NOUN	NOUN が　あります		ga / a ri ma su	ga arimasu
Location	There is NOUN	NOUN が　います		ga / i ma su	ga imasu
Ability	can do NOUN	NOUN が　できます		ga / de ki ma su	ga dekimasu
Ability	can play NOUN	NOUN が　できます		ga / de ki ma su	ga dekimasu
	be similar to NOUN	NOUN と　にています	と　似ています	to / ni te i ma su	to niteimasu
	be different to NOUN	NOUN と　ちがいます	と　違います	to / chi ga i ma su	to chigaimasu
Time	before NOUN	NOUN の　まえに	の　前に	no / ma e ni	no maeni
Time	after NOUN	NOUN の　あとに	の　後に	no / a to ni	no atoni
	according to NOUN	NOUN に　よれば		ni / yo re ba	ni yoreba

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Request	Please give me NOUN	NOUN を　ください	を　下さい	wo / ku da sa i	wo kudasai
Suggestion	What about NOUN	NOUN は　どうですか		wa / do u de su ka	wa doudesuka

English	Japanese (Hiragana)	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
from NOUN 1 to NOUN 2	NOUN 1 から NOUN 2 まで	ka ra / ma de	kara / made
not only NOUN 1 but also NOUN 2	NOUN 1 だけでなく NOUN 2 も	da ke de na ku / mo	dakedenaku / mo

Sentence pattern with verb

Verb Dictionary Form

【Japanese Grammar: Form】Verb Dictionary Form

Verb Dictionary Form is what you can find in a dictionary. It is also called Plain Present Positive Form which is one of the four basic forms in Verb Plain Form. Remember, Verb Dictionary Form finishes with 'u sound'. For example, たべる（ta be ru）which is 'to eat', きく（ki ku）which is 'to listen' and so on.

jpn.matome1.com

2016.10.20

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Opinion	like to VERB	VERB DICTIONARY FORM ことがすきです	ことが好きです	ko to ga su ki de su	kotogasukidesu
Ability	be good at VERB ing	VERB DICTIONARY FORM ことがじょうずです	ことが上手です	ko to ga jo u zu de su	kotogajouzudesu
Ability	be bad at VERB ing	VERB DICTIONARY FORM ことがへたです	ことが下手です	ko to ga he ta de su	kotogahetadesu
Ability	can VERB	VERB DICTIONARY FORM ことができます		ko to ga de ki ma su	kotogadekimasu
Ability	cannot VERB	VERB DICTIONARY FORM ことができません		ko to ga de ki ma se n	kotogadekimasen
Suggestion	should VERB	VERB DICTIONARY FORM べきです		be ki de su	bekidesu
Time	before VERB	VERB DICTIONARY FORM まえに	前に	ma e ni	maeni
Reason	in order to VERB	VERB DICTIONARY FORM ために		ta me ni	tameni

Verb Stem Form

【Japanese Grammar: Form】Verb Stem Form

On this page, you can learn what Verb Stem Form is and how it is used in a sentence.

jpn.matome1.com

2016.10.23

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Verb Polite Form	VERB	VERB STEM FORM ます		ma su	masu
Suggestion	Let’s VERB	VERB STEM FORM ましょう		ma sho u	mashou
Desire	want to VERB	VERB STEM FORM たいです		ta i de su	taidesu
	go to VERB	VERB STEM FORM に　いきます	に　行きます	ni / i ki ma su	ni ikimasu
	while VERB ing	VERB STEM FORM ながら		na ga ra	nagara
	start VERB ing	VERB STEM FORM はじめます	始めます	ha ji me ma su	hajimemasu
	finish VERB ing	VERB STEM FORM おえます	終えます	o e ma su	oemasu
	VERB too much	VERB STEM FORM すぎます	過ぎます	su gi ma su	sugimasu
	how to VERB	VERB STEM FORM かた	方	ka ta	kata
Future	be about to VERB	VERB STEM FORM そうです		so u de su	soudesu

Verb てForm

【Japanese Grammar: Form】Verb てForm

On this page, you can learn what Verb てForm is and how it is used in sentences.

jpn.matome1.com

2016.10.20

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Request	please VERB	VERB てForm ください	下さい	ku da sa i	kudasai
Present continuous	be VERB ing	VERB てForm います		i ma su	imasu
	have been VERB ing	VERB てForm います		i ma su	imasu
Joining verbs	VERB 1 and VERB 2	VERB 1 てFORM、VERB 2 てFORM
	try to VERB	VERB てForm みます		mi ma su	mimasu
Desire	want to VERB	VERB てForm みたいです		mi ta i de su	mitaidesu
Time	after VERB	VERB てForm から		ka ra	kara
Condition	even if PERSON VERB	PERSON は VERB てForm も		— wa — mo	— wa — mo
Giving permission	be allowed to, may VERB	VERB てForm も　いいです		mo / i i de su	mo iidesu
Asking permission	May I VERB	VERB てForm も　いいですか		mo / i i de su ka	mo iidesu ka
Prohibition	must not VERB	VERB てForm は　いけません		wa / i ke ma se n	wa / ikemasen

Verb たForm

【Japanese Grammar: Form】Verb たForm

たForm is used with various grammar patterns. It is also called Plain Past Positive Form, which you can use to describe what happened in the past. たForm can be made from てForm.

jpn.matome1.com

2016.10.01

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Joining verbs	VERB 1 and VERB 2	VERB 1 たFORM り、VERB 2 たFORM り　します		ta ri, ta ri / shi ma su	tari, tari shimasu
Suggestion	had better VERB	VERB たFORM ほうがいいです		ho u ga i i de su	hougaiidesu
Time	after VERB ing	VERB たFORM あと	後	a to	ato
Experience	have VERB+ed	VERB たFORM ことがあります		ko to ga a ri ma su	kotogaarimasu
Experience	have not VERB+ed	VERB たFORM ことがありません		ko to ga a ri ma se n	kotogaarimasen
Experience	have been to PLACE	PLACE に　いったことがあります	に　行ったことがあります	ni / i t ta ko to ga a ri ma su	ni ittakotogaarimasu

Verb なForm

【Japanese Grammar: Form】Verb なForm

Verb なForm is used with sentence patterns such as ければなりません（have to）and くてもいいです（don't have to）. Some examples are たべな (to eat)、きかな (to listen)、よまな (to read)、しな (to do)、こな (to come)、あけな (to open)、しめな (to close)、のまな (to drink)、およがな (to swim)、すわらな (to sit)、はしらな (to run)、たたな (to stand) and so on.

jpn.matome1.com

2016.11.05

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Obligation	must, have to VERB	VERB なFORM ければなりません		ke re ba / na ri ma se n	kerebanarimasen
Obligation	must, have to VERB	VERB なFORM ければいけません		ke re ba / i ke ma se n	kerebaikemasen
Obligation	must, have to VERB	VERB なFORM くてはなりません		ku te wa / na ri ma se n	kutewanarimasen
Obligation	must, have to VERB	VERB なFORM くてはいけません		ku te wa / i ke ma se n	kutewaikemasen
Obligation	must, have to VERB	VERB なFORM いとだめです	いと駄目です	i to / da me de su	itodamedesu
Permission	don’t have to VERB	VERB なFORM くてもいいです		ku te mo / i i de su	kutemoiidesu

Verb ないForm

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Request	please do not VERB	VERB ないForm で　ください	で　下さい	de / ku da sa i	de kudasai
Suggestion	had better not VERB	VERB ないForm ほうがいいです		ho u ga i i de su	hougaiidesu

Verb Plain Form

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Possibility	may, can VERB	VERB PLAIN FORM かもしれません		ka mo shi re ma se n	kamoshiremasen
Future, will	intend to VERB	VERB PLAIN FORM (present tense only) つもりです		tsu mo ri de su	tsumoridesu

Sentence pattern with adjective

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Comparison	A is ADJECTIVE than B.	A は B より ADJECTIVE 。	A wa B yo ri —	A wa B yori —
Joining いadjectives	ADJECTIVE and	いADJECTIVE (remove い) くて	ku te	kute
Joining なadjectives	ADJECTIVE and	なADJECTIVE (remove な) で	de	de
	look, sound, seem ADJECTIVE	ADJECTIVE (remove い or な) そうです	so u de su	soudesu

Sentence pattern with sentence

Conjunction 1

They are placed between 2 Japanese sentences.

	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Detail
Reason	SENTENCE 1 because SENTENCE 2	SENTENCE 2 から SENTENCE 1		ka ra
Reason	SENTENCE 1 because SENTENCE 2	SENTENCE 2 (ending with Plain Form) ので SENTENCE 1		no de
Condition	SENTENCE 1 if SENTENCE 2	SENTENCE 2 (ending with たForm) ら SENTENCE 1		ra
Condition	SENTENCE 1 if SENTENCE 2	SENTENCE 2 ば (Conditional Form) SENTENCE 1		ba
Condition	SENTENCE 1 if SENTENCE 2	SENTENCE 2 (ending with Plain Present Form) と SENTENCE 1		to
	SENTENCE 1 when SENTENCE 2	SENTENCE 2 (ending with Plain Form) とき SENTENCE 1	時	to ki

Conjunction 2

They are placed at the start of a Japanese sentence.

【Japanese grammar】Conjunctions used at the start of a sentence

EnglishJapanese (Hiragana)+ KanjiRomaji (with space)RomajiDetailFirst of allまずma zumazuFirst of allだいいちに第一にda i i chi ni...

jpn.matome1.com

2023.12.29

Miscellaneous

They are placed at the end of a Japanese sentence ending with Plain Form.

Grammar	English	Japanese (Hiragana)	+ Kanji	Romaji (with space)	Romaji	Detail
Opinion	I think SENTENCE	SENTENCE (ending with Plain Form) と　おもいます	と　思います	to / o mo i ma su	to omoimasu
Opinion	I say SENTENCE	SENTENCE (ending with Plain Form) と　いいます	と　言います	to / i i ma su	to iimasu
Reason	It is because SENTENCE	SENTENCE (ending with Plain Form) からです		ka ra de su	karadesu